Globalization, an obvious corollary of the changing face of the world, has been a central area of investigation in translation studies for quite some time. Many scholars have concerned themselves with this phenomenon and approached it from a variety of perspectives. This research is an attempt to group these scattered approaches together into a practical framework for the analysis of the translations of literary texts.Since this study is completely new, there is no pre- existing model for data classification. Therefore, the researchers took Davies's (2003) and Venuti's (1995) categorizations as the starting point in order to suggest a new and practical model for the analysis of literary texts. Simultaneously, the newly- introduced concept of 'glocalization' was highlighted in the suggested theoretical framework for the analysis of English- Persian literary texts.In the suggested model, an exhaustive taxonomy of translation strategies in the form of extreme- poles of translation strategies was studied. The space between two extreme- poles was also investigated by the effects the stated strategies produced in the translated texts. In other words, these strategies were ranked from 'near self' to 'near other' in order to illustrate precisely the glocalization phase.

Objective(s): The present study was aimed to design a knowledge transfer model that would provide a conceptual framework for linking the different components of a knowledge translation cycle. Such a theoretical model will enable us to organize and evaluate the current situation and design further studies on the transfer of research generated knowledge. Methods: This research, performed in 2006-7 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, utilized two distinct methodologies: the first part was a narrative review with the goal of identifying the existing knowledge transfer models; the second part included focus group discussions to find out the views and opinions of researchers and decision-makers concerning the factors that promote or hinder knowledge translation within the health system. Results: The two studies have provided the input for designing a “Knowledge Translation Cycle” with five domains: Knowledge Creation, Knowledge Transfer, Research Utilization, Question Transfer, and the Context of University. Within each domain, the model includes two components (with the exception of the university context). Conclusion: This model offers a theoretical basis for identifying the basic requirements and the linking mechanisms for the translation of knowledge.

Phrase-boundary model for statistical machine translation labels the rules with classes of boundary words on the target side phrases of training corpus. In this paper, we extend the phrase-boundary model using shallow syntactic labels including POS tags and chunk labels. With the priority of chunk labels, the proposed model names non-terminals with shallow syntactic labels on the boundaries of the target side phrases. In comparison to the base phrase-boundary model, our variant uses phrase labels in addition to word classes. In other words, if there is no chunk label in one boundary, the labeler uses the word POS tag. The boundary labels are concatenated where there is no label for the whole target span. Using chunks as phrase labels, the proposed model generalizes the rules to decrease the model sparseness. The sparseness has more importance in the language pairs with a lot of differences in the word order because they have less number of aligned phrase pairs for extraction of rules. Compared with Syntax Augmented Machine Translation (SAMT) that labels rules with the syntax trees of the target side sentences, the proposed model does not need deep syntactic parsing. Thus, it is applicable even for low-resource languages having no syntactic parser. Some translation experiments are performed from Persian and German to English as the source and target languages with different word orders. In the experiments, our model achieved improvements of about 0. 5 point of BLEU over a variant of SAMT.

Technical terminology has a significant role in translation of technical or scientific texts. Unfortunately, most of research in this area has not perceived the urgent need for a model to analyze or shown how translate technical or scientific terminology. In this paper, the researcher attempts to designs a workable model for translation of technical or scientific terminology. The major aim of this model is to provide a real equivalence for both one word terms and above words terms.The design of such a model benefits from different theories about equivalence and approaches that are used for finding real equivalence which translation studies especially technical translation are still lacking.

The present paper sets out to introduce a model of explicitation in literary translation. The paper opens with a brief review of the notion of explicitation and the way it has been treated in translation taking a lexical approach. Further, our proposed model will be brought forward which will encompass eleven categories of addition to the text where such additions are recoverable from the context and hence believed to pertain to explicitation. The model primarily aims at providing more details than the criteria used for distinguishing explicitation in most research in this area.The examples of explicitation presented for each category are taken from English translations of modern Persian literary texts in the study. The paper may shed light on explicitation as a tendency observed in translations and its different types of occurrence and can be used in translation training courses. Moreover, the model may well serve as a means to enhance self-awareness in translators helping researchers in psycholinguistic-oriented approaches to the study of translation.

The present article introduces a three dimensional model for translation criticism inspired by critical discourse analysis. It assumes that unlike translation quality assessment which rests on value judgments, translation criticism needs to explore the ideological implications of translational choices and how they represent identities in target societies. Based on the concept of intersexuality, the model examines the metatext in relation to its corresponding prototext at three levels: the textual, the paratextual and the semiotic.

In 1865, a few years before retiring from a brilliant career as a literary critique, a publisher, a writer, and a translator, Emile Daurand Forgues 190 Plume 15 brings to the French readers one of his last translations: Nathaniel Hawthorne’s la Maison aux sept pignons. In this article, we will try to establish whether or not this translation is a model of translation. Concretely, this means that our textual analysis (comparison of the target text to the source text) will replace the translation in its historical context and that we will try to see how history is integrated to the translation. This analysis will allow to verify if Hawthorne’s text was translated in its entirety, without omitting or adding anything, and to identify the modifications applied to the original text. French: La traduction francaise de The House of the Seven Gables d’Emile Daurand Forgues: un modele de traduction? En 1865, quelques annees avant de prendre sa retraite en tant que critique litteraire, editeur, ecrivain et traducteur, Emile Daurand Forgues propose au lectorat francais une de ses dernieres traductions: la Maison aux sept pignons de Nathaniel Hawthorne. Cet article vise a etablir si cette traduction est un modele de traduction. Cela signifie que notre analyse contrastive (comparaison du texte source et du texte cible) replacera la traduction dans son contexte historique et que nous chercherons a voir comment l’histoire est integree a la traduction. Cette analyse nous permettra de verifier si le texte de Hawthorne est entierement traduit, sans omission ni addition, et d’identifier les modifications que le traducteur a fait subir au texte source.Keywords: The House of the Seven Gables, Emile Daurand Forgues, Traduction, Analyse Contrastive, Contexte Historique